Information Technology BLOG

DDOS stands for "Distributed Denial of Service" A DDOS attack is carried out by a network of machines, hence the notion of distributed attacks These machines have been corrupted beforehand by cybercriminals through the spread of malware. This network of infected machines is also called botnet. The cybercriminal will execute a DDOS attack by ordering the botnet to saturate the service with many requests until it becomes unavailable, It is the concept of denial of service. DDOS can be on a specified service, it can also be a network link, an infrastructure, a website, an application, etc... It is noted that with the rise of the IoT or Internet of Things DDOS attacks gain in intensity since cybercriminals enroll unsecured IoT equipment in botnets. Denial of service will prevent real users of the service from using it. Another variant is DDOS attacks based on reflection and amplification, In this case, the cybercriminals will use machines accessible on the internet and there

 Hierarchial Network Design What is a FLAT NETWORK? Flat Networks are networks in which all computers, servers, printers are connected together using just layer 2 switches, there is no use of subnets in flat networks, in addition,  all devices are located in the same broadcast domain and broadcast trafic is transmitted to all devices on the network and because of that BANDWIDTH is not used effectively. FLAT networks CAN NOT meet the needs of most enterprise networks or small to medium size business. What is a Hierarchical NETWORK? Hierarchical Models allow to design the network by using different layers, Layers of the Hierarchical Network are devided into specific functions that are categorized as CORE, DISTRIBUTION and ACCESS Layers. This categorization privides FLEXIBLE design options and ease scaling of  network devices. Here is an overview that explains the difference between a flat Network VS Hierarchical Network: As you can see that in the FLAT network model, all devices are

Here you can download all videos of CCNP ENCOR 350-401 From this page for FREE. We have uploaded only the first 2 modules for the moment because we need to see whether people are interested or not in this series of videos. If we have over 200+ downloads we will be uploading the rest of the videos for free also. FREE CCNP ENCOR (350-401) Module 2 Videos Module 2 : NETWORK DESIGN BASICS Video N° 3 : Cisco Switch Types : http://upload-4ever.com/d/IdB2 Video N° 2 : Network Topology Architectures : http://upload-4ever.com/d/IdAq Video N° 1: Hierarchical Network Design : http://upload-4ever.com/d/IdAh Module 1 Videos Module 1 : BASIC SWITCHING CONCEPTS Video N° 4 : LAB Multi Layer Switching Configuration : http://upload-4ever.com/d/IdAV Video N° 3 : Multi Layer Switching: http://upload-4ever.com/d/IdAA Video N° 2: VLAN and Trunking : https://www.upload-4ever.com/lmd7jm33geuq Video N° 1 : Basic Switching Concepts : https://www.upload-4ever.com/mysj0lacvev5 The ads that are showing wi

Through this article we will jump into the very first step to learn how to configure a port on a cisco switch.   In order to configure a small network as a beginner first you need to know what is a switch   ( click me ). Basically cisco equipements are the most common switches so we are going to use the cisco syntax in this article, if you are interested in other equipements like huawei or, HP, ARUBA or others just leave a comment. 1 - Log to the switch using the login and the password  (use the command >enable) 2 - Than you should enter the previliged mode wich is (#); using the command #configure terminal you will access this mode 3 - Choose the port that you need to configure examlpe:      #interface fastethernet 0/1          Than type this command      #switchport mode access       switchport means this port is going to switch packets     and it`s mode is ACCESS, means it will only drive one traffic. After configuring this port you can now connect the PC to it and start pin

Installing Python on your Desktop First of all, we need to install Python, In order to do that, we should go to PYTHON's official website and download it from there. Here is a link to download Python https://www.python.org/downloads/ Python is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS, choose the installation file based on the type of OS you're using. On windows 10, The installation is very simple you'll need to download the executable and then simply launch it. Do not forget to select "ADD PYTHON (Python version) to PATH" at the beginning of the installation process. After the installation is complete and in order to test Python you can open a simple Command Line Prompt than just type "Python" If it displays this kind of message : Then everything is fine. Try this message : >>>print("Hello world") and it will print out Hello World message  This is

What is a router? Routers are responsible for transmitting packets from one end host on the internet, maybe a laptop to and from other end-hosts that are connected to the internet like a web server that we are accessing. Routers are not computers that you might recognize, routers are specialized pieces of computer hardware that is built to do one task over and over and over again and that determines where a packet should go.  If the router only has two connections then when a packet comes in on one connection, it has to go out on the other and to some degree, there's no real point to have a router there at all same thing with the other direction because a router is on a destination for traffic it's just there to route traffic to move it towards a destination that's an important distinction between end hosts and routers. An end host can be a PC or a server... Routers typically don't initiate that much traffic, they can initiate a little bit maybe usi

What is a SWITCH ? A network Switch is a networking device that connects devices together, these devices could be, computers, printers, other switches, routers or even firewalls and servers.. It uses a technique that is called packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination Unlike less advanced network HUBS a network switch forwards data only to one or multiple devices that need to receive it, rather than broadcasting the data out of each of its interfaces. A network switch contains multiple ports and is considered as a network bridge that uses Hardware addresses or MAC addresses, to process and forward data at the link layer from layer 2 of the OSI model Some switches can also process data at the network layer which is LAYER 3, and that happens by additionally incorporating routing functionality that most commonly uses IP address to perform packet forwarding. This kind of switches is known as LAYER 3 switches. A Switch is a device that

What are NETCONF and YANG?? 1) Definitions - Acronym : NETwork CONFiguration Protocol, It is a network device management protocol, provides a mechanim for configuring devices and querying the network configuration protocol and status. It looks just like SNMP !! But as we already now SNMP uses MIB (Management Information Base) files to model data. NETCONF uses YANG to describe the interaction models between the NETCONF client and server. 2) WHY would we use NETCONF and YANG? Guys it`s the era of network automation ! Traditional CLI mode and SNMP do not meet the requirements of CLOUD BASED NETWORK because of these disadvanatges:    - Traditional CLI is based on MAN-MACHINE interfaces,    - Configurations are complex,    - Maintenance costs are too expensive and you know that configuration changes from a vendor to         another and device interworking is hard. Some vendor examples: CISCO JUNIPER HUAWEI HEWLETT PACKARD A beginner engin

Definition: AI or Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines. Three main processes are used : 1- Learning: Acquiring specific pieces of information and rules 2- Reasoning: Conclude through rules 3- Self-connection  Two kinds of AI: 1- Weak Artificial Intelligence: It is a system that repeats the same particular task like SIRI, this kind needs human intervention. 2- Strong Artificial Intelligence or known as Artificial GENERAL Intelligence  It is a system that recognizes human actions and abilities, it tries to find a solution when there is a problem, sometimes it replaces human work and tasks. How Artificial Intelligence became alive? Thanks to cheaper GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), BIG DATA and Algorithms that Artificial Intelligence became a reality. Artificial Intelligence was programmed to treat special problems that a normal computer is not able to resolve on its own like perception, planning, problem